Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
GNSS and GPS signals are naturally weak and must travel through the polluted radio frequency environment before reaching GNSS receivers. Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), can severely disrupt weak GNSS and GPS signals, making it a powerful approach for those looking to circumvent tracking.
Identifying GNSS Jamming
1
Aircraft ADS-B Data Are Sent to LEO-Based Satellites
Satellites operating in LEO equipped with ADS-B receivers continuously collect and disseminate ADS-B data from aircraft. These data include an aircraft's GNSS location, speed, altitude, horizontal position, and aircraft identification information, and are sent approximately 1-2 times per second.
2
ADS-B Data Are Analyzed to Identify Missing or Failed Parameters
Certain ADS-B data, such as an aircraft's Navigation Accuracy Category Position (NACp) and Navigation Integrity Category (NIC), are prime indicators of potential GNSS interference. When these data parameters fail to meet their standard operating values, the aircraft's position is flagged for potential RFI.
3
ADS-B Data Are Deconstructed to Map Potential GNSS Jamming
Potential RFI interference is mapped using current and historical flight information. Based on how many aircraft have missing or failed ADS-B data parameters in a location, GNSS jamming maps are generated with varying levels of risk, which can be used by ATC or flight operators to navigate the airspace intelligently.
Companies with RFI Detection Capabilities
Spire Global
Spire Global has 40+ operational satellites in LEO collecting geolocation data. The GPS telemetry data is currently used by the US Space Force to detect GPS jamming across the globe.
Hawkeye 360
Hawkeye 360's radio frequency mapping satellites provide data to Slingshot Aerospace for a threat-detection system that will identify and monitor potential GNSS jamming and interference threats.
Aurora Insight's satellites are equipped with RF sensors that are part of an RFI monitoring service aiming to identify and reduce global GNSS interference.